We will presents a contactless hand-based biometric system to acquire the palm print and palm vein features.
Palm prints refer to the smoothly flowing pattern formed by alternating creases and troughs on the palmar surface of the hand. Three types of line patterns are clearly visible on the palm. These line patterns are known as the principal lines, wrinkles, and ridges. Principal lines are the longest, strongest and widest lines on the palm. The principal lines characterize the most distinguishable features on the palm. Most people have three principal lines, which are named as the heart line, head line, and life line. Wrinkles are regarded as the thinner and more irregular line patterns. The wrinkles, especially the pronounced wrinkles around the principal lines, can also contribute for the discriminability of the palm print. On the other hand, ridges are the fine line texture distributed throughout the palmar surface. The ridge feature is less useful for discriminating individual as they cannot be perceived under poor imaging source.
On the other hand, hand vein refers to the vascular pattern or blood vein patterns recorded from underneath the human skin. The subcutaneous blood vein flows through the human hand, covering the wrist, palm, and fingers. Every person has unique structure and position of veins, and this does not change significantly from the age of ten. As the blood vessels are believed to be “hard-wired” into the body at birth, even twins have unique vein pattern. In fact, the vascular patterns on the left and right hands are also different. As the complex vein structure resides in the human body, it is not possible (except using anatomically surgery) to copy or duplicate the vein pattern. Besides, external conditions like greasy and dirty, wear and tear, dry and wet hand surface do not affect the vein structure. The properties of stability, uniqueness, and spoof-resilient make hand vein a potentially good biometrics for personal authentication. depicts the vein patterns captured from the palmar surface, and back of the hand.
Security
Palm vein recognition technology is one of the safest biometric technologies currently. It has high security because the vein characteristics are distributed inside the human body. At the same time, palm vein recognition has the characteristics of liveness detection and is not easy to be copied or forged.
Although palm print recognition technology also has high security, compared with palm vein recognition technology, palm print pattern characteristics are more likely to leave traces or be copied.
User acceptance and comfort
Palm vein recognition technology is more hygienic and comfortable, and is easily accepted by users because it does not require direct contact with the device during the collection and recognition process.
Palm vein recognition technology requires users to place their palms directly on the surface of the device for collection and recognition, so there are concerns about hygiene and comfort.